Expenditure And Revenue In United Kingdom -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Expenditure And Revenue In United Kingdom? Answer: Introducation The primary concern would be related to the individuals involved in financing the pay-as-you-go system. When the rates for employees and employers are increased, it becomes difficult for the employees of this generation to maintain affordable standard of living. As a result, it poses burden on the employers to match, which increases their overall expenses (Boyer, Ross Winter, 2017). The growth in population and the growth in wage rate help in ascertaining the growth rate related to the contribution base. This would result in increased layoffs or seasonal workings with the rise in contributions, instead of offering fulltime positions throughout the year. In addition, there is absence of any guarantee that every individual would receive public pension in the future. This compels the individuals to think that they would not have adequate money to live on in future. Furthermore, this would management these individuals to take early retirement and they are removed from the labour force and extra years for receiving the benefit and limited years for contribution. The initiation of the private pooled pension system does not signify that all individuals could participate in the same, even if the contribution is matched on the part of the employer. This is identical in case of RRSP system. An individual could obtain a tax break on both the systems at a level of payroll deduction (De Grauwe, 2016). However, in case; the funds are vested in the form of pension plan, they need to wait until retirement for accessing the funds. If there is no restriction of the funds in RRSP system, the individuals have the chance of obtaining the funds less income tax applicable; however, these funds would not be available in future. They are identical because they are government saving plan, in which tax break could be obtained in the initial stage; however, there is no guarantee regarding the availability of RRSP at the time of retirement. This depends on the occurrence of the withdrawal and the way of selecting to vest RRSP. On the other hand, private pension would be available mostly at the time of retirement, if it is necessary for the individuals to participate along with satisfying all requirements (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). The various programs of social assistance offered on the federal government of Canada constitute of the following: Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB): This benefit is offered to the working individuals having lower income and the intention is to strengthen the participation of the labour force. Canada Child Tax Benefit (CCTB): This benefit is offered to the families having children with low income. National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS): This benefit is provided as part of CCTB to the low income families with children. Canada Assistance Plan (CAP): This benefit offers open-ended matching grants to the province constituting of 50% on eligible expenses on social welfare (Borisova et al., 2015). Canada Social Transfer (CST): This benefit is offered to the province on an identical per capita cash grant related post-secondary education and social programs. Particulars Details Amount (in $) Welfare benefits (A) Provided 1,121 Income on working hours (B) (40 hours x $15) 600 Reduced benefits (C) $0.35 ($15 x 40) 210 Total income (D) (A) + (B) - (C) 1,511 For mitigating the increasing costs, the Canadian government could go back for charging a greater monthly amount from the families, instead of a single individual. The accounting earned could be provided in the form of subsidy to the low-income individuals and households (Innis, 2017).This could be taxable benefit and it would raise the amount gathered for personal income tax. Abusers are present in the healthcare system of Canada in case of situations, which are not necessary. They need to charge user fee for enabling in covering the service costs and it might slow down few individuals, who do not have to visit the doctors for minor cases. Many employers offer extensive healthcare premiums, which are taxable; in case, the payment is made on the part of the employer. This would result in increasing personal income tax. The prescription cost could be minimised; in case, the pharmacies and doctors are involved in using generic names rather than brand names. Another issue is related to obesity and smoking. The services could be offered at an affordable cost for enabling in controlling obesity along with prohibiting smoking (King, 2016). Particulars Details Units Probability of accident for Jermaine A 7.50% Insurance amount of Jermaine B $ 1,000,000 Probability of accident for Janet C 1% Insurance amount of Janet D $ 500,000 Expected payout (A*B) + (C*D) $ 80,000 The main issue related to adverse selection is that the individuals not employed and looking for jobs need to apply for employment insurance. The individuals unemployed for greater duration and multiple times are those having demand for employment insurance. The issue pertaining to moral hazard is the laid off individuals, which could be categorised as either seasonal or temporary workers. The employers utilise the situation to their benefits by laying off the workers or they minimise their labour hours for their personal benefits. However, it is necessary for the employees to supplement their income, even though it is partial and thus, they apply for employment insurance. As a result, the employees obtain temporary relief; however, the employers utilise it to their benefits for analysing the amount of incentive for steering those individuals out of employment insurance along with searching for additional employment. The numerous flows affecting the rate of unemployment are the individuals employed, unemployed and those not present in the labour force. The level of the following criteria is dependent on the rate of unemployment: The laid off individuals or those who have left their jobs look to search for employment The individuals unemployed previously find reasonable job offers for employment The individuals leaving the labour force The individuals who enter or return to the workforce in search of employment (Sandford, 2015) The above criteria would enable in obtaining an insight of the reasons related to unemployment for enabling policies to be frame in order to minimise the rate of unemployment. Particulars Details Units Salary of the economist A $ 49,939 Provided rate B 9.90% Yearly basic exemption C $ 3,500 Payment in CPP contributions B*(A-C) $ 4,597.46 Due to the declining rates related to productivity growth and slower growth rate in employment, there had been a fall in the growth rate of salaries and wages in contrast to the real interest rate since 1980s. There are four factors, which resulted in such change and these are represented briefly as follows: The first factor is demography, in which the birth rate was low in 1960s and there is life expectancy at the age of 65, alive longer (Skousen, 2016). The second factor is change in economics, in which there is decline in the growth rate of productivity and rise in the pay-as-you-go rate than projected. The increase in the pay-as-you-go rate is due to the enhancements of the benefits related to CPP as well, which is the third factor. The final factor is the rise in disability claims. All the above-stated factors signify the implications for the raised rate of the pay-as-you-go system, due to which there had been a reform in the CPP program in 1998. References: Borisova, G., Fotak, V., Holland, K., Megginson, W. L. (2015). Government ownership and the cost of debt: Evidence from government investments in publicly traded firms.Journal of Financial Economics,118(1), 168-191. Boyer, M., Ross, T. W., Winter, R. A. (2017). The rise of economics in competition policy: A Canadian perspective.Canadian Journal of Economics. De Grauwe, P. (2016).Economics of monetary union. Oxford university press. Innis, H. A. (2017).Essays in Canadian economic history. University of Toronto Press. King, D. (2016).Fiscal tiers: The economics of multi-level government. Routledge. Sandford, C. T. (2015).Economics of public finance: an economic analysis of government expenditure and revenue in the United Kingdom. Elsevier. Skousen, M. (2016).The making of modern economics: the lives and ideas of the great thinkers. Routledge. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

Negotiation Skills

It is likely for human beings to be involved in conflicts at one point or the other in their lifetime. How do we address these disputes? The more we grow and mature, the more we learn how to share, compromise and suspend the fulfillment of our needs. This can be in form of a disturbance from a dog barking in your neighbor’s home or hanging tree branch.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Either way, we are tempted to turn to reason as a means to solve our differences. This reasoning often has its limit of logic resulting to an unfulfilled solution. Even though this is a way of providing a solution to the problem, it does not involve getting our needs met. In other cases, we may require the skills of others to assist in resolving our conflicts through such methods like arbitration and mediation. Needless to say, these are methods that are very expensive to the pockets of the parties involved with the end result being a probable annoyance before the dispute is settled. At this point, the link between the parties involved is so much negatively affected that the effect of the process may be worse than the pre-existing stalemate (HBSP, 2005). In order to not only meet our needs but also sustain our relationships, negotiation is the preferred method of reaching agreements. When the exchanges we have with the other party are friendly, we may not even realize that we are negotiating in an attempt to solve our everyday problems . One of the areas in which negotiations have proved very useful is in the employment relations. Indeed, employment relations were a fertile ground for the early development of negotiations theory especially in unionized settings . Negotiations in these settings are characterized by interaction between two clearly differentiated labor and management institutions each with clear sense of their best interests. Since the 197 0s, there have been changes in employment relations, therefore, necessitating new and different forms of labor negotiations. Many of the negotiations structures that have come up are analogous in nature. Nevertheless, they continue to play a key role in the transition from arms-length relations to more tightly coupled forms of economic and social relations.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The big question is why negotiation is the preferred method to other methods of conflict resolution. What does one need to keep in mind when negotiating? How can one develop good negotiation skills? These are some of the questions that will be handled in this essay which bases its argument on the Kolb’s model. Regardless of whether we consciously realize it or not, our daily life is characterized by an almost endless array of negotiations. They range from simple tasks like the dec ision on what to cook for dinner to more sophisticated matters such as resolving a conflict with a customer or co-worker. It is obvious that negotiation is a skill or art that we must have in order to co-exist harmoniously with other people. Any successful negotiation goes beyond the restrictions of resolving conflict to include a small balance of meeting our needs while building strong connections with others. In order to understand what negotiation is, it is important to understand what it is not. If a boss in a company gives an order to a subordinate, the only choice that the latter has is to do it. This is not negotiation by all means. When an unfamiliar is brought in to make a decision between two warring sides via arbitration, the sides are legally bound to abide by the arbitrator’s decision. Once again, this is not negotiation. Another popular belief that has been held for long is that negotiation is a competitive game. This is quite wrong because when we negotiate, we do not compete with the aim of defeating the opponents. Instead, we aim to do the best we can for ourselves. In that case, for a negotiation to be termed as effective in its proper context, it should be viewed as a means of pursuing interests. Having looked at what negotiation is not, it is only fair now to embark on analyzing what it is. Negotiation can be viewed as a process that involves making joint decisions in a scenario where the involved parties have varied preferences. Simply put, it is a way of getting what you want when making decisions. A lot of literature exists on the definition, types and how to negotiate effectively. However for purposes of this essay, I have chosen to stick to this simple definition of the negotiation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because it has the fundamentals of the process. Though the contexts in which the negot iation may take place differ, the underlying principle is that each party has to genuinely desire an agreement. If the agreement cannot be applied, this affects the whole process because the solutions arrived at should be likely (Menhert, 2008). There exist three major types of negotiations. These are the positional, principled and situational negotiations. Positional negotiation happens to be the traditional form of negotiation whereby the parties involved work under a command if they are in a position of no compromise; the whole process becomes unsuccessful . The process can only succeed if all aspects opposing positions are explored to find a middle ground. This strategy, as the name suggests, involves holding on to a fixed position of what you want and arguing for it irrespective of the underlying interests. A classic example to this is when a customer goes to a store to buy a certain commodity. He or she has the maximum amount that s/he is willing to pay while the vendor will s ell the item at a certain minimum price. The two sides will start with an extreme position but eventually, a compromise will be made. This type of negotiation has its short falls (F3fundit.com). One of the reasons that make positional negotiation an unlikely option in solving conflicts is because, as the process goes on, the parties involved become more and more inclined to their positions continually restating and holding them. This strong commitment to holding one’s position results to a lack of attention by both parties. Any agreement that will be reached will be a reflection of a mechanical splitting of the disparities between final positions instead of a solution well-crafted in meeting legal interests of the parties (F3fundit.com). This strategy is unlikely to result to a win-win outcome and therefore leads to bad feelings between the parties due to a dissatisfaction of one of the parties with the outcome. The second type of negotiation is often referred to as the †˜Harvard Model’, whereby the parties are encouraged to search for the basic principles supporting their positions. This process is mostly preferred by most of the specialists as it is full of creativity and a background of offering objectives rather than solutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a high chance of the process being successful because in contrast to positional bargaining, the parties involved possess a sense of achievement instead of loss (Vaux, 2011). Moreover, there is a high possibility of this strategy changing into positional negotiation or overcoming the whole issue if emotions are allowed to be the part of the process. The last type of negotiation is situational in nature, and it takes place when the two types discussed earlier go against the set guidelines. Compared to the others, it is more indirect since messages are relayed to a third party hence time consuming. Having explored the three basic types of negotiation that exist, the focus of the paper shifts to personal experience in acquiring. A number of issues will be addressed in this section. These include the whole experience of developing negotiations skills, what one should keep in mind while negotiating as well as lessons learnt from the complexity of the negotiation process. There is no doubt that human beings behave differently in different situations. That is why it may prove difficult to give a personal account of the negotiation process. However, the essay concentrates much on the essentials of the process and less of individual experience. This is because experiences rely heavily on outcomes whose nature is concrete, specific, quantifiable or measurable (Menhert, 2008). There is little one can do with the outcome to solve the issues at hand, after all. From my experience, I have succeeded in challenging a few myths surrounding negotiation. One of this is the popular belief that negotiation is unpredictable. This is not true. Negotiating behavior at least from my point of view-happens to fall into patterns that are recognizable, and that can be responded by sensible observers. When entering into any negotiation, the predictive power of knowing the workings of experienced negotiators should not be considered as useless . A classic example of this is to study how lawyers and attorneys argue their case. As such, because they are daily involved in solving conflicts in courtrooms, people may think that they are effective negotiators. However, this may not be the case because there are many factors that determine how effective a negotiation is. In an effort to know what makes an effective negotiation, it is important to understand the context in which negotiations are done determine the effectiveness of the process. On legal matters, for instance lawyers, effective negotiators may be viewed as those who get more money from their clients. Still on judicial matters, I also found out that an effective negotiator may be the one whose client is satisfied. Another observation was that for negotiation to be effective, both parties have to be satisfied. A number of people also suggested to me that effective negotiation is the one that beats the opponent by . That is why while studying the composition of an effective negotiation process, it is impor tant to consider the situation in which the negotiation is being held as well as the definition of effectiveness of the process. Effective negotiation is a learned personality but not a case of being in a particular career. There are many models that suggest the stages one has to follow in order to be an effective negotiator. There is no doubt that we all learn through different styles. Some people are auditory learners, others are visual. However for purposes of this essay, the model that will be highly valued is the Kolb model. Kolb (1984) identifies the learning process as knowledge creation by transforming experiences. He further adds that knowledge is a combination of what we experience and how we alter it. Why should negotiation be equated with learning? Are there any similarities between the two? In deed there exists a close link between the two concepts as shall be discussed. According to Kolb, learning has six characteristics. Just like negotiation, learning is best conside red as a process. The main focus in both is not on the outcomes but the means of arriving at them. In other words, the ends do not justify the means but the former do. Another characteristic that makes learning similar to negotiation is the fact that the two are continuous processes grounded in experience (Kolb, 1999). Indeed, conflict resolution is the sole duty of the negotiation process. Tension exists in the learning process and so does in negotiation. The decision is a trial to be conventional. Another characteristic existing in both learning and the negotiation process is the fact that they include exchanges between a person and the environment. For the case of negotiation, the environment is the other party on the negotiation table . Lastly, learning results from the transaction between social familiarity and personal understanding. These two requirements are also very important in the negotiation process. The above similarities point out that the negotiation process is very much related to the learning. It follows suit that the process and experience gained in acquiring negotiation skills is much similar to that of learning. As such, this essay will explore the Kolb’s model of learning and how it is related with the negotiation process. Before moving to extra details of the theory or rather the model, it is important to understand why the model is called the experiential learning model. The model is experiential because, it is based on pointer of what we experience but not our experimenting. Kolb argues that we learn and develop after we have experienced. This theory will prove very relevant when later in the essay I address its link with the negotiation process . David Kolb’s learning model is founded on two steps forming a quadrant. The first one is called the processing step. This deals with our approach to a task like our preference to learn by doing to watching. The other one is perception. This affects our emotional reactions on pre ference on adopting a certain style of learning say thinking or learning. The resultant matrix is composed of four phases that are very crucial for learning to be effective. It is crucial to establish that Kolb’s model is not only a learning style but also a program. Each of the stage is reflected in the learning process. The resultant cycle has four steps namely: feeling, watching, thinking and doing . By concrete experience, Kolb suggests that it is better to learn by feeling and being sensitive to other people’s feelings. We then relate the specific experiences to people. Under reflective observation or watching, he argues that we observe the environment from many perspectives before making a judgment and in order to look for the meaning of things. The thinking stage involves logic where one’s action on an idea is determined by the cognitive understanding of the situation at hand. The last stage is that of active experimentation or doing . This is the ability to do things through impartation on others and events via our actions. It also includes risk taking. Although one may learn in any stage of the Kolb process, going through the four stages puts him or her in a more favorable condition depending on the prevailing circumstances. Kolb (1999) holds that the learning process is a context of people who move from the four stages and therefore for one to learn effectively, they should balance the stages. He also adds that concrete experience and abstract conceptualization are a reflection of right brain and left brain in that order. The four combinations of the Kolb model determine the learning style one prefers. This is because learning styles are not fixed qualities but instead they are a stable pattern of conduct grounded on a leaner’s background and experience. That is why learning styles are more of preferences than styles. Having looked at the Kolb’s model in detail, the big question now is how it can be applied in acqui ring negotiation skills. From a personal account, I have found the model very relevant. As a recap of an initial statement, negotiation is a process and so is learning. It is a skill acquired by following the four stages of the Kolb model of learning. The first stage involves concrete experience. In order to negotiate effectively, one has to learn from specific examples; these may be earlier encounters or the daily interactions with people. It is also important to be sensitive to the party’s feelings by being empathetic. Empathy will ensure that your relationship with the other party is not affected even after the process. This however does not imply that you become soft on them and lose your focus on meeting your interest in the bargain . The second step is that of reflective observation. For one to be an effective negotiator, he or she ought to be watchful. One has to address the issue causing disagreement from different perspectives before forging your bargain. This will p revent bringing into the process to rigid stands and ideas that may stall the whole thing. Under the abstract conceptualization stage, a negotiator has to logically analyze ideas and act only after he or she has intellectually understood the situation . One should not jump into conclusions before giving every opportunity for a middle ground a second thought. Lastly, under active experimentation, a negotiator should be in a position to influence the other party in order to reach a solution to a conflict. This should go to the extent of risk taking in the form of compromise in order to reach a satisfying solution to the tight spot the two sides are faced with. The four modes are therefore as important in learning as they are in acquiring negotiation skills. Based on the analysis of the Kolb model of learning and its relevance in the negotiation process, there are few lessons that an effective negotiator should keep in mind while on the negotiation table. The first thing is to analyze one’s position and define what they hope to achieve with the negotiations. The analysis should be done objectively. Just like your case, learn about the other side and what they too want to achieve. The more informed one is before the negotiations, the better prepared they will be before the process starts. A negotiator should also eliminate personal feelings. In any negotiation, it may be easy to let one’s personal opinion stall the process or become too emotional. One should learn to terminate the two tendencies, and instead employ a polite and professional conduct always. One should too be prepared to compromise. This does not mean that one should not stick to their guns. The idea is for one to know what they are willing to fight for and never let the need for striking a deal to push them to a compromise . Another thing to put in mind when negotiating especially in formal situations is to prove and authorize any agreement you make. In fact, it should be put in writi ng, indicate all the details and be signed by every party. To make the decision arrived at in a negotiation legal abiding, it may be necessary to notarize or have it looked by a lawyer. This confirmation of the agreement is prevention of future misunderstandings hence ensuring enactment of the agreement’s condition (Menhert, 2008). In conclusion, putting into consideration all the above points will place one in a favorable condition on the negotiation table . The Kolb’s learning model will, by all means, come in hand for anyone who endeavors to become an effective negotiator. However as noted earlier in this essay, it is important to note that the effectiveness of the negotiation process depends much on the nature of the conflict as well as definition of effectiveness. Nevertheless, the basic negotiation skills are extremely crucial in the contemporary world and every one should long to learn them. They should not be viewed as the duty of lawyers or human resource prof essionals. References list Asherman, A Asherman, S (2001), Negotiation source book (2nd ed.), Harvard: Amherst. Beauttah, A (2008), Major processes of negotiation, Prentice Hall: New Jersey. BM, C., Bray, M., Wairing, P., Cooper, R (2008), Employment relations: theory and practice, McGraw Hill: New York. Clevend, B (2006), Negotiation skills.,Cengage Learning: New York. Downs, L ( 2008), Negotiations skills training,ASTD East Petoria: Illinois. F3fundit.com (2011), The art of negotiation-Positional bargaining. Web. Harvard Business School Press (HBSP) (2005),The essentials of negotiation. Harvard University Press: Boston. Kolb , D (1984),Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs. Kolb, D (1999), The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (Version 3, ed.),Hay Group: Boston. Menhert, M (2008), Negotiation: Definition, types, manager’ issues in negotiation, cultural differences and the negotiation process, GRIN Verlag: Norderstedt. Vaux, R, eHow (2011), How to develop negotiation skills. Web. Walton, R. M (1989), Negotiating transformation: Bargaining lessons learned from the transformation of employment relations. Web. This essay on Negotiation Skills was written and submitted by user Callum Dejesus to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Textual Analysis Essay Samples - Learn How to Write an Impressive Essay

Textual Analysis Essay Samples - Learn How to Write an Impressive EssayTextual analysis essay samples are a very useful tool for those aspiring to get in the college admissions. These essays can help you make an impression on the admissions committee by displaying your writing skills. When writing the essay, remember to use the right words, sentence structure and format.In college admissions, many colleges look at the student essay sample first. It is the one material that is normally used as the basis for the composition of the entire application package. The study of the textual analysis essay samples that are available online will help you write a brilliant essay in no time.Many people like to analyze topics when writing an essay. An essay analyzes a particular idea, concept or event. It usually highlights the ideas of the student. You can also use the textual analysis essay samples to present to the admissions committee about your expertise in a particular field.To improve your o wn essay, you need to study the sample essays and see how they have been written. You can take a few notes as you read through the essays so that you can be familiar with the way the paragraphs are laid out. You should not allow yourself to be bored.Textual analysis essay samples will give you a good idea on how to write an effective essay. Moreover, if you follow these instructions, you will be able to compose an impressive essay.The analytical essay will surely make a lasting impression on the admissions committee. You can try to present a well-thought out essay in this arena. Writing an intelligent essay can help you a lot if you have the desire to learn.The points that you put on the composition should contain some examples from your undergraduate education. There is nothing worse than having an intelligent essay that contains no reference to your educational experience. Be certain that you have followed all the necessary guidelines in order to produce a brilliant essay.Your adm issions committee will surely be impressed by your hard work and determination. You should use the textual analysis essay samples that you have found online in order to create a masterpiece. You should not allow yourself to be discouraged by failing to meet the criteria of college.

How To Write An Essay About Perfect Boss, with Outline

How To Write An Essay About Perfect Boss, with Outline How to Write an Essay about Perfect Boss (Writing Guide) How to start an essay about perfect boss How to write thesis for an essay  about perfect boss How to write body pargraphs for an essay about perfect boss How to conclude an essay about  perfect boss Outline example Topic Actuality Essay writing takes into consideration a few basics that make a paper stand out. In this case, the topic to focus on is The Perfect Boss. It deals with the characteristics typically associated with a perfect boss that is, an employees superior at the place of work. It elaborates on the behaviors of a boss whom an employee or junior person can want to emulate. A boss is someone who portrays power and influence. The topic and general paper should paint or portray this fact effectively. How to Start an Essay about Perfect Boss To write an essay about a perfect boss, one will follow a few steps. The author will first define what a boss is. There are different types of bosses at different places of work. The definition has to capture the fact that a boss mainly relates to the place of work. The introduction should also clarify that no boss is perfect, just as no human being is perfect. All employers have faults. However, a perfect boss is one who meets most of the expected behaviors of a good manager or employer. The expectations are to be pointed out in the subsequent paragraphs. How to Write Thesis for an Essay about Perfect Boss Given that the topic is already identified and the extent of the content determined, the next thing one has to do is identify and clearly point out the thesis statement. A thesis statement, the last sentence found in the introductory paragraph, is a short statement that illustrates the position that the writer intends to pass across. The thesis statement should give the reader a hint about the characteristics of a perfect boss. For instance, the thesis statement should summarize the main features of a perfect boss such as honesty, being a role model for employees, hardworking, understanding, smart, among others. Alternatively, the thesis statement can also highlight the summary of what a perfect boss should be. For instance, it can read, a perfect boss will not only be hard working, strict, and act as a role model to employees, but will also show deep and sincere concern for employees. How to Write Body Paragraphs for an Essay about Perfect Boss The body of the essay is to be about three paragraphs. The first paragraph will enumerate a few examples of bosses who have been acknowledged by employees as perfect bosses. Examples should be drawn from a variety of sources, industries, and sectors. For instance, the essay will mention globally recognized and feted managers and directors. Typical examples of perfect bosses to be emphasized include Mark Zuckerberg, the Chief Executive Officer of Facebook, among many others. The first paragraph can also recognize less known, but revolutionary individuals who have played a leading role in the success of their industries and sectors through role modeling. The second paragraph should elaborate the fact that a boss is a manager hence his or her management style determines whether or not he becomes a perfect boss. It will draw attention to the main features of an employer or manager who can be considered a perfect boss. Some of the key features to be pointed out include leadership by example, where the boss sets high ethical standards and follows established rules and norms, and motivates employees to follow the same rule. At this point, the essay should point out how the leaders behavior and that of employees relate. Another characteristic can include effective communication. The writer should elaborate that an effective boss communicates in a timely and clear manner. Transparency, valuing employees, deep knowledge, respect, and sensitivity are other aspects that can be discussed in detail. The essay should also accentuate that a perfect boss recognizes the effort and makes the employees feel appreciated. Positive reinforcement works well on employees and encourages them to continue with good performance.   The fact that a perfect boss gives feedback should also be underscored. In this regard, the essay should state that feedback should be prompt and should be given with a positive attitude. It should be encouraging, and meant to correct rather than rebuke. A great boss, the essay should note, has to sit down with employees and discuss with them. Then he or she has to set clear expectations and motivate employees to attain the expectations. The third paragraph can highlight how the relationship between employees and their boss directly affects the performance of an organization. It will also state the fact that perfect bosses are loved by employees, they are self-motivated, and they yield results. The last part of the third paragraph will explain that a perfect boss inspires other bosses or managers at similar or higher levels to emulate him or her. How to conclude an essay about perfect boss A perfect essay is one with a short but clear conclusion that reiterates the features of a perfect boss. The concluding paragraph will also note the link between the performance of an organization and the management style. Outline Sample Introduction What is a perfect boss? Thesis statement   Nobody is perfect Body Examples of perfect bosses Effect of management styles Features of perfect bosses Impact of the relationship between employees and bosses on performance Conclusion Reiteration of main ideas

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction At the end of the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln wanted to bring the Confederate states back into the Union as amicably as possible. In fact, he did not even officially recognize them as having seceded from the Union. According to his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, any Confederate would be pardoned if they swore allegiance to the Constitution and the union except for high-ranking civil and military leaders or those who committed war crimes. In addition, after 10 percent of voters in a Confederate state took the oath and agreed to abolish slavery, the state could elect new congressional representatives and they would be recognized as legitimate. Wade-Davis Bill Opposes Lincoln's Plan The Wade-Davis Bill was the Radical Republicans answer to Lincolns Reconstruction plan. It was written by Senator Benjamin Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis. They felt that Lincolns plan was not strict enough against those who seceded from the Union. In fact, the intention of the Wade-Davis Bill was more to punish than to bring the states back into the fold.   The key provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill were the following:   Lincoln would be required to appoint a provisional governor for each state. This governor would be responsible for implementing measures set out by Congress to reconstruct and state government.  Fifty-percent of the states voters would be required to swear loyalty to the Constitution and the Union before they could even begin creating a new Constitution through the state Constitutional Convention. Only then would they be able to begin the process to be officially be readmitted to the Union.  While Lincoln believed that only the military and civilian officials of the Confederacy should not be pardoned, the Wade-Davis Bill stated that not only those officials but also anyone who has voluntarily borne arms against the United States should be denied the right to vote in any election.  Slavery would be abolished and methods would be created to protect the liberty of freedmen.   Lincoln's Pocket Veto The Wade-Davis Bill easily passed both houses of Congress in 1864. It was sent to Lincoln for his signature on July 4, 1864. He chose to use a pocket veto with the bill. In effect, the Constitution gives the president 10 days to review a measure passed by Congress. If they have not signed the bill after this time, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law. Because of the fact that Congress had adjourned, Lincolns pocket veto effectively killed the bill. This infuriated Congress. For his part, President Lincoln stated that he would allow the Southern states to pick which plan they wanted to use as they rejoined the Union. Obviously, his plan was much more forgiving and widely supported.  Both Senator Davis and Representative Wade issued a statement in the New York Tribune in August 1864 that accused Lincoln of attempting to secure his future by ensuring that southern voters and electors would support him. In addition, they stated that his use of the pocket veto was akin to take away the power that should rightfully belong to Congress. This letter is now known as the Wade-Davis Manifesto.   Radical Republicans Win in the End Sadly, despite Lincolns victory, he would not live long enough to see Reconstruction proceed in the Southern states. Andrew Johnson would take over after Lincolns assassination. He felt that the South needed to be punished more than Lincolns plan would allow. He appointed provisional governors and offered amnesty to those who took an oath of allegiance. He stated that states had to abolish slavery and acknowledge seceding was wrong. However, many Southern States ignored his requests. The Radical Republicans were finally able to get traction and passed a number of amendments and laws to protect the newly freed slaves and force the Southern states to comply with necessary changes.

Achievement Motive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Achievement Motive - Essay Example With the specific focus on whether or not knowledge of achievement motive would be of any value to expatriate managers in Madruga’s Singapore subsidiary, the report will argue that even though it is of value, the said value can only be realized if pre-existing achievement motive knowledge is adjusting to correspond with the culture in question. Worker motivation can be either internal, brought about by the personal interactions with his own set of beliefs about what will satisfy his needs, or external, brought about by interactions with one's environment. Motivation can result from something as complex and volatile as how a person's attitudes were formed in the womb and in the crib, to how a supervisor uses language and the meanings of words in describing tasks and providing feedback (Sullivan, 1988). In reality, it appears that the dynamics that move a worker toward particular activities come from a constant interaction between both internal stimuli and external stimuli. Concurring, Vroom (1964) indicates that managers must understand the principles of motivation, and, in fact, must create the right kind of motivational environment, in order to ensure that employee activities result in preferred organizational outcomes. This fits very well with Maslow's suggestion (1954) that in order to determine human needs and identity, it is necessary to set up special conditions that foster expression of these needs and capacities. Issac, Zerbe, and Pitt (2001) agree, suggesting that organizational leaders must determine their follower's interests, aspirations, and goals of both a short and long-term nature and creativity frame the organizational vision in such a way that the follower perceives congruency between personal and organizational ends. Gellerman (1963) goes so far as to describe managements "great task" as shaping the environment into a stimulus instead of a suppressor.  

European Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Single Market - Essay Example The first two treaties are the ‘Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)’ (Moens & Trone, 2010, p.2). Article 54 of the 2010 Official Journal of European Union requires that commercial firms be treated as natural persons who are citizens of the Member States. The challenges faced The need for the states to come together and surrender part of the sovereignty was initiated by that urge to have some strong decision-making body that could collectively empower the member states (Barnard & Scotts, 2002, p.136). The union has bodies charged with enacting certain policies that are common to the member states and ensure that the policies are followed accurately. Some of these policies regulate the trade in the area. It thus serves to protect the member states against any irregularities and this explains why our country had to be a member. The policies enacted by the governing bodies of the union regulate our operation as a comp any that trades in the region. Zandia is a sovereign state found in Eastern Europe and is a member of the European Union. Our trade operations in the area thus fall under the policies of the European Union. However, the government of Zandia has imposed certain restrictions to our trade in the country, some of which are not conforming to the laid treaties. One challenge that we have experienced is that, there is a charge levied on the importation of film for production purposes. The net earning from such charges is aimed at supporting the actors in the country who are jobless. This is contrary to the provisions of the EU treaty in several ways. Chapter 2 of Title VII of the 2010 Official Journal of European Union clearly explains the terms under which the Member States can impose taxes on both imported and exported goods within their borders. In particular, article 110 of the chapter states that ‘no member state shall impose, directly or indirectly, on the products of other mem ber states any internal taxation of any kind in excess of that imposed directly or indirectly on similar domestic products’. The article further asserts that no such taxes are supposed to be levied on imported commodities to serve the interest of the domestic producers. This creates a competitive disadvantage on our side. While it is the role of the union to promote the economic development in areas with low standards of leaving and serious underemployments, article requires that such an aid by the State should not distort competition by favoring others. Besides, the unemployment witnessed in Zandia among the actors is not a serious one to obtain the assistance from the state resources. Secondly, there is a charge for inspecting imported DVDs standards for quality under a mandatory EU scheme. This is also not conforming to the provisions in the above Chapter 2 concerning charges levied on goods within the internal market. Article 112 in this chapter requires that any charge t hat can be imposed on any imported or exported products within the member states shall be approved only by the European Council in conjunction with the Commission. The article 112 states that: â€Å"In the case of charges other than turnover taxes, excise duties and other forms of indirect taxation, remissions and repayments in respects to other Member States may not be granted and countervailing charges in respects to imports from Member States may